Simplified Guidelines for Retrofitting Scenarios in the European Countries

نویسندگان

چکیده

A large part of the European building stock was built before implementing recent energy and structural codes, resulting in buildings characterized by deficiencies terms comfort, savings safety. The retrofitting rehabilitation existing need to be adequately performed, aiming improve seismic performance simultaneously. work summarized here is dedicated defining priority scenarios for buildings’ safety efficiency Union (EU) stock. First, state EU analysed age, types structures, efficiency, consumption poverty. Then, climate demands are presented, namely regions with higher temperature variations, i.e., heating or cooling degree days. risk also presented discussed average annual losses, economic losses life losses. Based on these input parameters, nine seismic–climate proposed using a simplified approach. Finally, two (i.e., masonry reinforced concrete) based their region.

برای دانلود باید عضویت طلایی داشته باشید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

Proposing the simplified model for choosing the method of retrofitting in existing structures against fire risk

Background and objective: According to the necessities in the part 3 of National Building Regulations, design and construction of buildings should be in a way that the structures, according to the type of use, the size and the number of floors, resist long enough to fire, and prevent from destruction of buildings or from spread of fire to adjacent spaces or buildings. For this purpose, it is ne...

متن کامل

the search for the self in becketts theatre: waiting for godot and endgame

this thesis is based upon the works of samuel beckett. one of the greatest writers of contemporary literature. here, i have tried to focus on one of the main themes in becketts works: the search for the real "me" or the real self, which is not only a problem to be solved for beckett man but also for each of us. i have tried to show becketts techniques in approaching this unattainable goal, base...

15 صفحه اول

Prohibit WP2 – systematic review of national guidelines in European countries

Methods The ECDC-HAI surveillance National Contact Points (NCP) and experts in 34 countries (27 EU member states, whereby UK counts as 4 countries, Croatia, Iceland, Norway and Switzerland) were invited to complete a questionnaire and give information about existing national guidelines for prevention of surgical site infection (SSI), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), catheter-associated ur...

متن کامل

Health Expenditures in Developing Countries: Determinants and Guidelines

Background: In this paper, the health expenditures function of developing countries is estimated with a panel data model.  Methods: All credible determinants of health expenditures in these countries are probed and their coefficients are found out. Variables that affect health expenditures in developing countries are income, demographic features, social characteristics, and technological progr...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Energies

سال: 2023

ISSN: ['1996-1073']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en16052408